Checklist of Superfamily Aphidoidea Latreille, 1802 (Greenflies)
for South America (America)
Class
| Insecta
Linnaeus, 1758
Insects, True insects | 1002
31782
192121 | Families
Genera
Species |
Taxom
|
Subclass
| Pterygota
Lang, 1888
Winged insects | 999
31760
192069 | Families
Genera
Species |
Taxom
|
Infraclass
| Neoptera
van der Wulp, 1890
Modern Wing-folding insects | 919
31232
189614 | Families
Genera
Species |
Taxom
|
Superorder
| Paraneoptera
Martynov, 1923
| 214
4675
23518 | Families
Genera
Species |
Taxom
|
Order
| Hemiptera
Linnaeus, 1758
Aphids, Bugs, Cicadas, Hemipterans, Hoppers, True bugs | 152
4075
20179 | Families
Genera
Species |
Taxom
|
Suborder
| Sternorrhyncha
Amyot & Serville, 1843
Aphids, Coccids, Jumping Plant Lice, Mealybugs, Psyllids | 37
527
2087 | Families
Genera
Species |
Taxom
|
Infraorder
| Aphidomorpha
Becker-Migdisova & Aizenberg, 1962
| 6
83
197 | Families
Genera
Species |
Taxom
|
Superfamily
| Aphidoidea
Latreille, 1802
Greenflies, Root Aphids | 2
76
189 | Families
Genera
Species |
Taxom
|
List of families for South America
2 Families width 189 Species and 15 Subspecies
Genera for South America
76 Genera with 189 Species
| Acyrthosiphon Mordwilko, 1950 | Lucerne aphids | 6 | Species | Taxom | | Anoecia Koch, 1857 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Anuraphis Del Guercio, 1907 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Aphidopsis dalli Scudder, 1890 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Aphis Linnaeus, 2017 | Aphids | 51 | Species | Taxom | | Asiphonella Theobald, 1923 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Atheroides Haliday, 1839 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Aulacorthum Mordvilko, 1876 | | 4 | Species | Taxom | | Baizongiella Blanchard, 1944 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Brachycaudus Van Der Goot, 0 | | 5 | Species | Taxom | | Brachyunguis Das, 1987 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Brevicoryne Das, 1758 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Calaphis Walsh, 1971 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Callipterinella Van Der Goot, 1953 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Capitophorus Van Der Goot, 1894 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Carolinaia Wilson, 1915 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Cavariella Del Guercio, 1763 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Chaetosiphon Mordvilko, 1901 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Chaitophorus Koch, 1912 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Cinara Curtis, 1909 | Conifer aphids | 8 | Species | Taxom | | Colopha Monell, 1877 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Delfinoia | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Diuraphis Aizenberg, 1913 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Drepanaphis Del Guercio, 1909 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Dysaphis Börner, 1886 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Echinaphis Cockerell, 1913 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Eriosoma Leach, 1916 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Essigella Del Guercio, 1909 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Euceraphis Walker, 2002 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Eulachnus Del Guercio, 1911 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Geoica Hart, 1894 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Geopemphigus Hille Ris La..., 1925 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Hyperomyzus Börner, 1886 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Hysteroneura Davis, 1878 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Illinoia Wilson, 1918 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Lipaphis Mordvilko, 1914 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Lizerius Blanchard, 1974 | | 5 | Species | Taxom | | Macrosiphum Passerini, 1919 | | 8 | Species | Taxom | | Melanaphis Van Der Goot, 1918 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Metopolophium Mordvilko, 1849 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Micromyzus Van Der Goot, 1979 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Microparsus Patch, 1922 | | 5 | Species | Taxom | | Mindarus Koch, 1883 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Muscaphis Börner, 1933 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Myzocallis Passerini, 1957 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Myzus Passerini, 1776 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Nasonovia Mordvilko, 1914 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Nearctaphis Shaposhnikov, 1918 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Neomyzus Van Der Goot, 1876 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Neuquenaphis Blanchard, 2019 | | 6 | Species | Taxom | | Nordestinatermes Martins-Neto..., 2006 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Oviparosiphum Shaposhnikov, 1990 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Pemphigus Hartig, 1994 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Pentalonia Coquerel, 1859 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Periphyllus van der Hoeven, 1863 | Maple aphid | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Phloeomyzus Horváth, 1875 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Picturaphis Blanchard, 1979 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Prociphilus Koch, 1904 | | 5 | Species | Taxom | | Protaphis Börner, 1879 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Protrama Baker, 1872 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Rhopalomyzus Mordvilko, 1839 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Rhopalosiphoninus Baker, 1912 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Rhopalosiphum Koch, 1934 | | 7 | Species | Taxom | | Schizaphis Börner, 1860 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Singhiella Sampson, 1931 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Sipha Passerini, 1885 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Siphonophoroides propinqua Sc..., 1890 | | 5 | Species | Taxom | | Sitobion Mordvilko, 1876 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Takecallis Matsumura, 1917 | Bamboo Aphids | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Therioaphis Walker, 1882 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Thripsaphis Gillette, 1917 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Toxoptera Koch, 1907 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Trama Heyden, 1908 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Tuberolachnus Mordvilko, 1790 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Uroleucon Mordvilko, 2019 | | 11 | Species | Taxom | | Utamphorophora Knowlton, 1953 | | 2 | Species | Taxom |
Species list for South America
189 Species and 15 Subspecies | Acyrthosiphon (Acyrthosiphon) bidenticola Smith, C.F., 1960 | | | Acyrthosiphon (Acyrthosiphon) ilka Mordvilko, 1914 | | | Acyrthosiphon (Acyrthosiphon) malvae (Mosley, 1841) | ⇒ Acyrthosiphon matilei pentaphylloides Pashtshenko, 2005 | | Acyrthosiphon matilei pentaphylloides Pashtshenko, 2005 | | | Acyrthosiphon (Acyrthosiphon) pisum (Harris, 1776) | ⇒ Acyrthosiphon porrifolii Börner, 1950 | | Acyrthosiphon (Acyrthosiphon) porrifolii Börner, 1950 | | | Aphidopsis margarum ♰ S. H. Scudder, 1890 | | | Aphis (Aphis) alstroemeriae Essig, 1953 | | | Aphis (Aphis) armata Hausmann, 1802 | Foxglove aphid | | Aphis (Aphis) coreopsidis Thomas, 1878 | Aphid | | Aphis (Aphis) craccivora (Koch, 1854) | ⇒ Aphis loti Kaltenbach, 1862 | | Aphis crassicauda pseudacaciae | | | Aphis (Aphis) cytisorum Hartig, 1841 | Broom Aphid | | Aphis (Aphis) fabae (Scopoli, 1763) | ⇒ Aphis fluviatilis eryngii Blanchard, 1923 | | Aphis fabae fabae Scopoli, 1763 | | | Aphis (Aphis) farinosa Gmelin, 1790 | Small Willow Aphid | | Aphis (Aphis) fluviatilis Bozhko, 1976 | | | Aphis fluviatilis eryngii Blanchard, 1923 | | | Aphis (Aphis) frangulae (Kaltenbach, 1845) | ⇒ Aphis franzi testacea | | Aphis (Aphis) gerardiae Thomas, 1879 | | | Aphis (Aphis) glycines Matsumura, 1917 | Soya bean aphid | | Aphis (Aphis) gossypii (Glover, 1877) | ⇒ Aphis grandis Juchnevitch, 1970 | | Aphis (Aphis) grandis Juchnevitch, 1970 | | | Aphis (Aphis) hederae Kaltenbach, 1843 | Ivy Aphid | | Aphis (Aphis) illinoisensis Shimer, 1866 | Grapevine aphid | | Aphis (Aphis) limonicola Pashtshenko, 1993 | | | Aphis (Aphis) loti Kaltenbach, 1862 | Cowpea aphid | | Aphis (Aphis) marthae Essig, 1953 | | | Aphis (Aphis) martinezi Nieto Nafría..., 1999 | | | Aphis (Aphis) medicaginis Koch, 1854 | Bean aphid | | Aphis (Aphis) mulini Hille Ris La..., 1974 | | | Aphis (Aphis) nasturtii Kaltenbach, 1843 | Buckthorn aphid | | Aphis (Aphis) nerii (Boyer de Fon..., 1841) | ⇒ Aphis fluviatilis Bozhko, 1976 | | Aphis (Aphis) nevskyi Ivanovskaja, 1960 | | | Aphis (Aphis) paravanoi Nieto Nafría..., 1999 | | | Aphis (Aphis) peucedani Szelegiewicz, 1981 | | | Aphis (Aphis) roberti Nieto Nafría..., 1999 | | | Aphis (Aphis) rumicis (Linnaeus, 1758) | ⇒ Aphis armata Hausmann, 1802 | | Aphis (Aphis) sambuci (Linnaeus, 1758) | ⇒ Aphis sassceri Wilson, 1911 | | Aphis (Aphis) schinifoliae Blanchard, 1939 | | | Aphis (Aphis) spiraecola Patch, 1914 | Apple Aphid | | Aphis symphyti kochiella Del Guercio, 1916 | | | Aphis (Aphis) vernoniae Thomas, 1878 | | | Aphis (Bursaphis) solitaria Baker, J.M., 1934 | | | Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii (Boyer de Fon..., 1841) | ⇒ Aphis celtis soyogo | | Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus Kirkaldy, 1907 | Brown citrus aphid | | Aphis (Toxoptera) victoriae Martin, 1991 | | | Aphis citricida | | | Aphis conspicua Nieto Nafría..., 2019 | | | Aphis eucollinae López Ciruel..., 2016 | | | Aphis fuentesi Nieto Nafría..., 2019 | | | Aphis hille | | | Aphis ingeborgae Nieto Nafría..., 2019 | | | Aphis maulensis Mier Durante..., 2016 | | | Aphis spec Fourcroy, 1785 | | | Aphis tehuelchis Nieto Nafría..., 2016 | | | Aphis vurilocensis Nieto Nafría..., 2017 | | | Asiphonella dactylonii Theobald, 1923 | Aphid | | Aulacorthum (Aulacorthum) kuwanai Takahashi, 1933 | | | Aulacorthum (Aulacorthum) solani (Kaltenbach, 1843) | ⇒ Aulacorthum kuwanai Takahashi, 1933 | | Aulacorthum (Aulacorthum) spinacaudatum Kumar & Burk..., 1971 | | | Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexum (Buckton, 1876) | ⇒ Neomyzus circumflexum Buckton, 1876 | | Baizongiella solanophila (Blanchard, 1944) | ⇒ Pemphigus populitransversus Riley, C.V., 1879 | | Brachycaudus (Acaudus) menthaecola Nevsky, 1929 | | | Brachycaudus (Acaudus) persicae Passerini, 1860 | Black Peach Aphid | | Brachycaudus (Appelia) prunicola Kaltenbach, 1843 | Aphid | | Brachycaudus (Brachycaudus) helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843) | ⇒ Brachycaudus menthaecola Nevsky, 1929 | | Brachycaudus purpureus warei | | | Brachyunguis (Xerophilaphis) blanchardi Remaudiere &..., 1987 | | | Brevicoryne brassicae Linnaeus, 1758 | Cabbage Aphid | | Calaphis betulaecolens Fitch, 1851 | Common Birch Aphid | | Calaphis flava Mordvilko, 1928 | Birch Aphid | | Calaphis leonardi Quednau, 1971 | | | Callipterinella calliptera Hartig, 1841 | Aphid | | Callipterinella minutissima Stroyan, 1953 | Aphid | | Capitophorus elaeagni Del Guercio, 1894 | Artichoke Aphid | | Carolinaia (Carolinaia) cyperi Ainslie, 1915 | | | Cavariella (Cavariella) aegopodii Scopoli, 1763 | Carrot Aphid | | Chaetosiphon (Pentatrichopus) fragaefolii Cockerell, 1901 | Puceron jaune du fraisier | | Chaitophorus leucomelas (Koch, 1854) | ⇒ Chaitophorus populeti Panzer, 1801 | | Chaitophorus populifolii Essig, 1912 | | | Cinara (Cinara) atlantica Wilson, 1919 | Carolina conifer aphid | | Cinara (Cinara) cedri Mimeur, 1936 | Aphid | | Cinara (Cinara) cronartii Tissot & Pepper, 1967 | Black pine aphid | | Cinara (Cinara) pilicornis Hartig, 1841 | Aphid | | Cinara (Cupressobium) cupressi (Buckton, 1881) | ⇒ Cinara tujafilina Del Guercio, 1909 | | Cinara cupressi cupressi Buckton, 1881 | | | Cinara (Cupressobium) cupressivora (Watson & Voe..., 1999) | ⇒ Cinara cupressi cupressi Buckton, 1881 | | Cinara (Cupressobium) tujafilina Del Guercio, 1909 | Cypress Pine Aphid | | Delfinoia peruviana Essig, 1953 | | | Diuraphis (Diuraphis) mexicana Baker, J.M., 1934 | | | Diuraphis (Diuraphis) noxia Kurdjumov, 1913 | Barley aphid | | Dysaphis (Dysaphis) crithmi Buckton, 1886 | Leaf-curling plum aphid | | Echinaphis rohweri ♰ T. D. A. Coc..., 1913 | | | Eriosoma (Eriosoma) lanigerum Hausmann, 1802 | American blight | | Eriosoma (Schizoneura) pyricola Baker, A.C. ..., 1916 | Pear Root Aphid | | Essigella (Essigella) californica Essig, 1909 | Monterey pine aphid | | Euceraphis papyrifericola Blackman, 2002 | | | Eulachnus rileyi (Williams, T.A., 1911) | ⇒ Eulachnus tauricus Bozhko, 1961 | | Geopemphigus floccosus Moreira, 1925 | Aphid | | Hyperomyzus (Hyperomyzus) lactucae Linnaeus, 1758 | Aphid | | Hyperomyzus (Neonasonovia) nabali Oestlund, 1886 | | | Hysteroneura setariae Thomas, 1878 | Brown sugarcane aphid | | Illinoia (Illinoia) morrisoni Swain, 1918 | | | Lipaphis (Lipaphis) pseudobrassicae Davis, 1914 | False cabbage aphid | | Lizerius (Lizerius) ocoteae Blanchard, 1923 | | | Lizerius (Lizerius) tuberculatus Blanchard, 1939 | | | Lizerius (Paralizerius) cermelii Quednau, 1974 | | | Lizerius (Paralizerius) costai Quednau, 1974 | | | Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) euphorbiae Thomas, 1878 | Pink and green potato aphid | | Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) gaurae Williams, T.A., 1911 | | | Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) hellebori Theobald & W..., 1923 | Aphid | | Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) mordvilkoi Miyazaki, 1968 | | | Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) multipilosum Nevsky, 1951 | | | Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) rhamni Clarke, 1903 | | | Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) rosae (Linnaeus, 1758) | ⇒ Macrosiphum mordvilkoi Miyazaki, 1968 | | Macrosiphum rubiarctici vasiljevi Mordvilko, 1919 | | | Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner, 1897 | Cane aphid | | Melanaphis siphonella Essig & Kuwana, 1918 | | | Metopolophium (Metopolophium) dirhodum (Walker, 1849) | ⇒ Metopolophium festucae festucae Theobald, 1917 | | Micromyzus pojanii Cermeli & Smith, 1979 | | | Microparsus (Picturaphis) brasiliensis Moreira, 1925 | | | Microparsus (Picturaphis) venezuelensis Cermeli & C...., 1979 | | | Microparsus venezuelensis meridensis Cermeli & C...., 1979 | | | Microparsus venezuelensis venezuelensis Cermeli & C...., 1979 | | | Microparsus (Picturaphis) vignaphilus Blanchard, 1922 | | | Mindarus recurvus ♰ G. B. Buckton, 1883 | | | Mindarus scudderi ♰ G. B. Buckton, 1883 | | | Muscaphis musci Börner, 1933 | Aphid | | Myzocallis (Myzocallis) boerneri Stroyan, 1957 | Turkey Oak Aphid | | Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776) | ⇒ Brachycaudus persicae Passerini, 1860 | | Nearctaphis sensoriata Gillette & B..., 1918 | | | Neomyzus circumflexum Buckton, 1876 | Crescentmarked lily aphid | | Neomyzus circumflexus (Buckton, 1876) | ⇒ Neomyzus circumflexum Buckton, 1876 | | Neuquenaphis (Neuquenaphis) edwardsi Laing, 1927 | | | Neuquenaphis (Neuquenaphis) schlingeri Hille Ris La..., 1968 | | | Neuquenaphis aurata Mier Durante..., 2019 | | | Neuquenaphis blackmani Nieto Nafría..., 2019 | | | Neuquenaphis flavipes (Hille Ris La..., 1968) | ⇒ Neuquenaphis edwardsi Laing, 1927 | | Neuquenaphis ramirezi Nieto Nafría..., 2019 | | | Nordestinatermes obesa R. G. Martin..., 2006 | | | Oviparosiphum baissensis ♰ G. K. Shapos..., 1989 | | | Oviparosiphum jakovlevi ♰ G. K. Shapos..., 1979 | | | Oviparosiphum latum Hong & Wang, 1990 | | | Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius Linnaeus, 1758 | Lettuce aphid | | Pemphigus (Pemphigus) obesinymphae Aoki & Moran, 1994 | Poplar petiole gall aphid | | Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel, 1859 | Banana Aphid | | Phloeomyzus passerinii Signoret, 1875 | Woolly poplar aphid | | Picturaphis pojanii (Cermeli & C...., 1979) | ⇒ Micromyzus pojanii Cermeli & Smith, 1979 | | Picturaphis venezuelensis (Cermeli & C...., 1979) | ⇒ Microparsus venezuelensis Cermeli & C...., 1979 | | Picturaphis venezuelensis meridensis (Cermeli & C...., 1979) | ⇒ Microparsus venezuelensis meridensis Cermeli & C...., 1979 | | Prociphilus (Paraprociphilus) mexicanus Remaudiere &..., 1985 | | | Prociphilus (Prociphilus) americanus Walker, 1852 | Conifer root aphid | | Prociphilus (Prociphilus) caryae Fitch, 1856 | | | Prociphilus (Pulvius) probosceus Sanborn, 1904 | | | Protaphis middletonii Thomas, 1879 | Corn root aphid | | Protrama longitarsus longitarsus Ferrari, 1872 | | | Rhopalomyzus (Judenkoa) lonicerae Siebold, 1839 | Aphid | | Rhopalosiphoninus (Rhopalosiphoninus) latysiphon Davidson, 1912 | Bulb And Potato Aphid | | Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch, 1856 | Barley aphid | | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae Linnaeus, 1761 | Plum aphid | | Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae Schrank, 1801 | Apple grain aphid | | Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus, 1758 | Apple bud aphid | | Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale Sasaki, 1899 | Red rice root aphid | | Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki, 1899) | ⇒ Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale Sasaki, 1899 | | Rhopalosiphum sanguinarium (Baker, J.M., 1934) | ⇒ Rhopalosiphum inserta Walker, 1849 | | Schizaphis (Schizaphis) rotundiventris Signoret, 1860 | Oil palm aphid | | Singhiella citrifolii Morgan, 1893 | Cloudy-winged whitefly | | Singhiella simplex Singh, 1931 | Ficus whitefly | | Sipha (Sipha) flava Forbes, S.A., 1885 | Yellow plantlouse | | Siphonophoroides antiqua ♰ S. H. Scudder, 1890 | | | Siphonophoroides gillettei ♰ T. D. A. Coc..., 1908 | | | Siphonophoroides lassa ♰ S. H. Scudder, 1890 | | | Siphonophoroides pennata ♰ Buckton, 1883 | | | Siphonophoroides simplex ♰ S. H. Scudder, 1890 | | | Sitobion (Sitobion) avenae Fabricius, 1775 | English grain aphid | | Sitobion (Sitobion) luteum Buckton, 1876 | Orchid aphid | | Takecallis arundinariae Essig, 1917 | Aphid | | Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) trifolii Monell, 1882 | Spotted Alfalfa Aphid | | Thripsaphis verrucosa verrucosa (Gillette, 1917) | ⇒ Allaphis verrucosa verrucosa Gillette, 1917 | | Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy, 1907) | ⇒ Aphis citricidus Kirkaldy, 1907 | | Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) | ⇒ Aphis citricidus Kirkaldy, 1907 | | Trama (Trama) rara Mordvilko, 1908 | Aphid | | Tuberolachnus (Tuberolachnus) salignus (Gmelin, 1790) | ⇒ Lachnus tatakaensis Takahashi, 1937 | | Uroleucon (Lambersius) anomalae Hottes & Frison, 1931 | | | Uroleucon (Lambersius) erigeronense Thomas, 1878 | | | Uroleucon (Lambersius) luteolum Williams, T.A., 1911 | | | Uroleucon (Uroleucon) mexicanum Nieto Nafría..., 2011 | | | Uroleucon (Uroleucon) sonchi Linnaeus, 1767 | Brown sowthistle aphid | | Uroleucon (Uromelan) compositae Theobald, 1915 | Artichoke aphid | | Uroleucon jaceae jaceae Linnaeus, 1758 | | | Uroleucon jaceae macrosiphum (Eastop & Hil..., 1976) | ⇒ Uroleucon jaceae macrosiphon Hille Ris La..., 1939 | | Uroleucon (Uromelan) parvotuberculatum Olive, 1963 | | | Uroleucon adesmiae Mier Durante..., 2008 | | | Uroleucon nahuelhuapense Nieto Nafría..., 2019 | | | Utamphorophora peruviana Essig, 1953 | |
Subnodes of Aphidoidea with occurrences in South America | Family | Aphididae
Latreille, 1802
Aphid, Aphids, Aphids And Plantlice, Blackflies, Greenflies, Greenfly, Indet. Aphid, Plant lice, Plantlice, Whiteflies | 75
186 | Genera
Species |
Taxom
| | Family | Oviparosiphidae ♰
Shaposhnikov, 1979
| 1
3 | Genus
Species |
Taxom
|
 | | Aphidoidea (Latreille 1802) |
Links, sources and further information
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