Checklist for Subclass Dromopoda Shultz, 1990
and region Japan (East Asia)
List of families for Japan
31 Families width 184 Species and 47 Subspecies #SCGPONBTEIHAW
| Sclerosomatidae Simon, 1879 | Sclerosomatid Harvestmen | 49 | Species | Taxom | | Chernetidae Menge, 1855 | | 9 | Species | Taxom | | Chthoniidae Daday, 1888 | | 27 | Species | Taxom | | Garypinidae Daday, 1888 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Phalangiidae Latreille, 1802 | Daddy-Long-Legs | 12 | Species | Taxom | | Cheiridiidae Hansen, 1893 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Phalangodidae Simon, 1879 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Olpiidae Banks, 1895 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Neobisiidae Chamberlin, 1930 | | 18 | Species | Taxom | | Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837 | Arrowbreasted scorpions | 4 | Species | Taxom | | Caddidae Banks, 1892 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Cheliferidae Risso, 1826 | | 7 | Species | Taxom | | Taracidae Schönhofer, 2013 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Nemastomatidae Simon, 1872 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Epedanidae Sørensen, 1886 | | 9 | Species | Taxom | | Galeodidae Sundevall, 1833 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Garypidae Simon, 1879 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Geogarypidae Chamberlin, 1930 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Podoctidae Roewer, 1912 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Iuridae Thorell, 1876 | Largetooth scorpions | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Triaenonychidae Sörensen, 1886 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Paranonychidae Briggs, 1971 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Hormuridae Laurie, 1896 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Stylocellidae (Hansen & Sör..., 1904) | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Nipponopsalididae Martens, 1976 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Atemnidae Chamberlin, 1931 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Syarinidae Chamberlin, 1930 | | 7 | Species | Taxom | | Sabaconidae Dresco, 1970 | Sabaconid Harvestmen | 5 | Species | Taxom | | Sironidae Simon, 1879 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Bothriuridae Simon, 1880 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Withiidae Chamberlin, 1931 | | 1 | Species | Taxom |
Genera for Japan
90 Genera with 184 Species #ABCDEGHIKLMNOPSTUW
| Akalpia Roewer, 1938 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Allochernes Beier, 1953 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Allochthonius J. C. Chambe..., 1952 | | 21 | Species | Taxom | | Amblyolpium E. Simon, 1960 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Amilenus Martens, 1881 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Apocheiridium Chamberlin, 1953 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Banksula Roewer, 2002 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Beierolpium Heurtault, 1907 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Bisetocreagris Curcic, 1907 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Buthus Leach, 1789 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Caddo Banks, 1974 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Cheiridium Menge, 1938 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Chelifer Geoffroy, 1927 | | 5 | Species | Taxom | | Chthonius Koch, 1907 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Crosbycus Roewer, 1911 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Dactylochelifer Beier, 1982 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Dendrolasma Banks, 1963 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Dibunus Loman, 1906 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Ditha J. C. Chambe..., 1952 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Epedanellus Roewer, 1911 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Gagrella Stoliczka, 1903 | | 10 | Species | Taxom | | Gagrellopsis Sato & Suzuki, 1939 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Gagrellula Roewer, 1938 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Galeodes Olivier, 1934 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Garypus L. Koch, 1952 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Geogarypus J. C. Chambe..., 1981 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | Gyoides J. Martens, 1982 | | 0 | Species | Taxom | | Halobisium J. C. Chambe..., 1958 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Haplochernes Beier, 1957 | | 4 | Species | Taxom | | Hesperochernes J. C. Chambe..., 1983 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | Himalphalangium Martens, 1973 | | 0 | Species | Taxom | | Homolophus Banks, 1987 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Idzubius Roewer, 1911 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Indochernes Murthy and A..., 1977 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1778 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Iurus Thorell, 1832 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Izunonychus Suzuki, 1975 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Kainonychus Suzuki, 1972 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Kashimachelifer Morikawa, 1957 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Kilungius Roewer, 1911 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Lacinius Thorell, 1881 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Lagynochthonius Beier, 1983 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Lamprochernes Tömösváry, 1881 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Lechytia Balzan, 1952 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Leiobunum C. L. Koch, 1958 | Daddy Long Leg Spiders | 14 | Species | Taxom | | Liocheles Sundevall, 1775 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Lophochernes E. Simon, 1907 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Lychas C. L. Koch, 1798 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Megachernes Beier, 1954 | | 4 | Species | Taxom | Melanopula Roewer, 1929 | | 0 | Species | Taxom | | Mesobuthus Vachon, 1879 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Metagoniochernes Vachon, 1991 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Microbisium Chamberlin, 1907 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Microcreagris Balzan, 1955 | | 8 | Species | Taxom | | Miopsalis Thorell, 1916 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Mitopus Thorell, 1957 | | 4 | Species | Taxom | | Mundochthonius J. C. Chambe..., 2002 | | 7 | Species | Taxom | | Nelima Roewer, 1957 | | 12 | Species | Taxom | | Nemastoma C.L.Koch, 1851 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Nipponogarypus Morikawa, 1960 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Nippononychus Suzuki, 1957 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Nipponopsalis Martens & Su..., 1973 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Nobeoka Roewer, 1938 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Odiellus Roewer, 1881 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | Oligolophus C. L. Koch, 1871 | | 0 | Species | Taxom | | Opilio Herbst, 1911 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Oratemnus Beier, 1947 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Paraliochthonius Beier, 1958 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Paranonychus Briggs, 1893 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Pararoncus J. C. Chambe..., 1960 | | 7 | Species | Taxom | | Paratemnoides Harvey, 1932 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Paraumbogrella Suzuki, 1881 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Parobisium Chamberlin, 1952 | | 13 | Species | Taxom | | Proscotolemon Roewer, 1916 | | 3 | Species | Taxom | | Psathyropus L. Koch, 1964 | | 4 | Species | Taxom | | Pseudoarthromerus Karsch, 1891 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Pseudobiantes Hirst, 1944 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Pseudogagrella Redikorzev, 1942 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Pseudotyrannochthonius Beier, 1956 | | 8 | Species | Taxom | | Pygobunus Roewer, 1983 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Sabacon Simon, 1942 | | 5 | Species | Taxom | | Solinus J. C. Chambe..., 1953 | | 2 | Species | Taxom | | Suzukielus Juberthie, 1916 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Synsphyronus J. C. Chambe..., 1943 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Systenocentrus Simon, 1911 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Takaoia Roewer, 1911 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Tokunosia Suzuki, 1964 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Tyrannochthonius J. C. Chambe..., 1984 | | 5 | Species | Taxom | | Urophonius Pocock, 1876 | | 1 | Species | Taxom | | Withius Kew, 1954 | | 1 | Species | Taxom |
Species list for Japan
184 Species and 47 Subspecies | Akalpia nippponica Sato & Suzuki, 1938 | | | Allochernes ginkgoanus Morikawa, 1953 | | | Allochernes japonicus Morikawa, 1953 | | | Allochthonius (Allochthonius) borealis Sato, 1984 | | | Allochthonius (Allochthonius) kinkaiensis Sakayori, 2002 | | | Allochthonius (Allochthonius) montanus Sakayori, 2002 | | | Allochthonius (Allochthonius) opticus Ellingsen, 1907 | | | Allochthonius opticus opticus Ellingsen, 1907 | | | Allochthonius opticus takasawadoensis | | | Allochthonius opticus troglophilus Morikawa, 1956 | | | Allochthonius (Allochthonius) shintoisticus Chamberlin, 1929 | | | Allochthonius (Allochthonius) tamurai Sakayori, 2002 | | | Allochthonius (Allochthonius) troglophilus Morikawa, 1956 | | | Allochthonius (Urochthonius) biocularis Morikawa, 1956 | | | Allochthonius (Urochthonius) ishikawai Morikawa, 1954 | Florida hobblebush | | Allochthonius ishikawai deciclavatus Morikawa, 1956 | | | Allochthonius ishikawai ishikawai Morikawa, 1954 | | | Allochthonius ishikawai kyushuensis Morikawa, 1960 | | | Allochthonius ishikawai shiragatakiensis Morikawa, 1954 | | | Allochthonius ishikawai uenoi Morikawa, 1956 | | | Allochthonius ishikawai uyamadensis Morikawa, 1954 | | | Allochthonius (Urochthonius) uyamadensis Morikawa, 1954 | | | Allochthonius anthracinus Morikawa, 1952 | | | Allochthonius yanoi Morikawa, 1952 | | | Amblyolpium japonicum Morikawa, 1960 | Florida hobblebush | | Amilenus aurantiacus Simon, 1881 | | | Apocheiridium (Apocheiridium) pinium Morikawa, 1953 | | | Banksula tutankhamen Ubick & Briggs, 2002 | Jesup's milk-vetch | | Beierolpium oceanicum With, 1907 | | | Bisetocreagris brevidigitata Chamberlin, 1930 | | | Bisetocreagris japonica Ellingsen, 1907 | | | Bisetocreagris pygmaea Ellingsen, 1907 | | | Buthus occitanus Amoreux, 1789 | Common yellow scorpion | | Caddo agilis Banks, 1892 | | | Caddo pepperella Shear, 1974 | | | Cheiridium aokii Sato, 1984 | | | Cheiridium minor Chamberlin, 1938 | Bigtree shoulderband | | Chelifer boncicus (Karsch, 1881) | ⇒ Haplochernes boncicus boncicus Karsch, 1881 | | Chelifer cancroides Linnaeus, 1758 | Book pseudoscorpion | | Chelifer cancroides orentalis Morikawa, 1954 | | | Chelifer cancroides orientalis Morikawa, 1954 | | | Chelifer nipponicus Kishida, 1927 | | | Chthonius opticus Ellingsen, 1907 | | | Crosbycus dasycnemus Crosby, 1911 | Nuttall's milkvetch | | Dactylochelifer shinkaii Sato, 1982 | | | Dendrolasma parvula Suzuki, 1963 | | | Dibunus pseudobiantes Loman, 1906 | | | Ditha (Ditha) ogasawarensis Sato, 1981 | | | Ditha (Paraditha) marcusensis Morikawa, 1952 | | | Epedanellus laevis Roewer, 1911 | | | Epedanellus tuberculatus Roewer, 1911 | | | Gagrella ferruginea (Loman, 1902) | ⇒ Gagrellula ferruginea Loman, 1902 | | Gagrella grandis (Roewer, 1910) | ⇒ Gagrella grandissima Mello-Leitao, 1944 | | Gagrella grandissima Mello-Leitao, 1944 | | | Gagrella guttata Karsch, 1881 | | | Gagrella japonica (Roewer, 1910) | ⇒ Psathyropus tenuipes L. Koch, 1878 | | Gagrella niponica Roewer, 1954 | | | Gagrella ovata Sato & Suzuki, 1938 | | | Gagrella pumilio (Karsch, 1881) | ⇒ Paraumbogrella pumilio Karsch, 1881 | | Gagrella satoi Roewer, 1955 | | | Gagrella splendens With, 1903 | | | Gagrellopsis nodulifera Sato & Suzuki, 1939 | | | Gagrellula ferruginea Loman, 1902 | | | Gagrellula grandis Suzuki, 1955 | | | Gagrellula montana Sato & Suzuki, 1938 | | | Galeodes trichotichnus Roewer, 1934 | | | Garypus japonicus Beier, 1952 | | | Geogarypus (Geogarypus) micronesiensis (Morikawa, 1952) | ⇒ Geogarypus longidigitatus Rainbow, 1897 | | Geogarypus longidigitatus Rainbow, 1897 | | | Geogarypus rhantus Harvey, 1981 | | | Halobisium orientale Redikorzev, 1918 | | | Halobisium orientale japonicum Morikawa, 1958 | | | Haplochernes boncicus Karsch, 1881 | | | Haplochernes boncicus boncicus Karsch, 1881 | | | Haplochernes boncicus hagai Morikawa, 1953 | | | Haplochernes boninensis Beier, 1957 | | | Hesperochernes shinjoensis Sato, 1983 | | | Homolophus arcticus Banks, 1893 | | | Homolophus rishiri N. Tsurusaki, 1987 | | | Idzubius akiyamae Hirst, 1911 | | | Indochernes beieri Murthy & Ana..., 1977 | | | Isometrus (Isometrus) maculatus DeGeer, 1778 | Lesser brown scorpion | | Iurus dufoureius Brullé, 1832 | Greek giant scorpionfrom Peloponnese | | Izunonychus ohruii ♰ Suzuki, 1975 | Flexile milkvetch | | Kainonychus akamai akamai Suzuki, 1972 | | | Kashimachelifer cinnamomeus Morikawa, 1957 | Ohelo 'ai | | Kilungius insulanus Hirst, 1911 | | | Lacinius aspersus (Karsch, 1881) | ⇒ Odiellus aspersus Karsch, 1881 | | Lagynochthonius nagaminei Sato, 1983 | | | Lamprochernes savignyi Simon, 1881 | Savigny's Shining Claw | | Lechytia sakagamii Morikawa, 1952 | Pseudoscorpion | | Leiobunum bifrons (Roewer, 1957) | ⇒ Leiobunum japanense japonicum Suzuki, 1940 | | Leiobunum curvipalpi Roewer, 1910 | | | Leiobunum giganteum (Loman, 1902) | ⇒ Nelima genufusca Karsch, 1881 | | Leiobunum globosum Suzuki, 1953 | | | Leiobunum hiasai Suzuki, 1976 | | | Leiobunum japanense Müller, 1914 | | | Leiobunum japanense japonicum Suzuki, 1940 | | | Leiobunum japonicum Müller, 1914 | | | Leiobunum manubriatum Karsch, 1881 | | | Leiobunum maximum Roewer, 1910 | | | Leiobunum montanum Suzuki, 1953 | | | Leiobunum sadoense N. Tsurusaki, 1982 | | | Leiobunum suzukii Roewer, 1957 | | | Leiobunum tamanum Suzuki, 1958 | | | Liocheles australasiae Fabricius, 1775 | Dwarf wood scorpion | | Lophochernes bicarinatus Simon, 1878 | Nuttall's meadowbeauty | | Lophochernes sauteri Ellingsen, 1907 | | | Lychas mucronatus Fabricius, 1798 | Chinese striped bark scorpion | | Megachernes ryugadensis Morikawa, 1954 | Florida hobblebush | | Megachernes ryugadensis myophilus Morikawa, 1960 | | | Megachernes ryugadensis naikaiensis Morikawa, 1957 | | | Megachernes ryugadensis ryugadensis Morikawa, 1954 | | | Mesobuthus martensii Karsch, 1879 | Chinese armor-tail scorpion | | Metagoniochernes tomiyamai Sato, 1991 | | | Microbisium pygmaeum Ellingsen, 1907 | | | Microcreagris cyclica Kishida, 1928 | | | Microcreagris ezoensis Morikawa, 1972 | | | Microcreagris gigas japonica | | | Microcreagris granulata Ellingsen, 1907 | | | Microcreagris ishiharanus Morikawa, 1952 | | | Microcreagris macropalpus Morikawa, 1955 | | | Microcreagris microdivergens Morikawa, 1955 | | | Microcreagris pseudoformosa Morikawa, 1955 | | | Miopsalis sauteri (Roewer, 1916) | ⇒ Suzukielus sauteri Roewer, 1916 | | Mitopus genufusca Karsch, 1881 | | | Mitopus mobilis Karsh, 1881 | | | Mitopus morio Fabricius, 1779 | Egg milkvetch | | Mitopus striatipes (Roewer, 1957) | ⇒ Odiellus aspersus Karsch, 1881 | | Mundochthonius itohi Sakayori, 2009 | | | Mundochthonius japonicus Chamberlin, 1929 | | | Mundochthonius japonicus imadatei Morikawa, 1956 | | | Mundochthonius japonicus japonicus Chamberlin, 1929 | | | Mundochthonius japonicus scolytidis Morikawa, 1954 | | | Mundochthonius japonicus tripartitus Morikawa, 1956 | | | Mundochthonius kiyoshii Sakayori, 2002 | | | Nelima albiangulata Roewer, 1957 | | | Nelima genufusca Karsch, 1881 | | | Nelima hiraiwai Sato & Suzuki, 1939 | | | Nelima insignita Roewer, 1957 | | | Nelima lutea Roewer, 1957 | | | Nelima magaritata Roewer, 1957 | | | Nelima melanodorsum (Roewer, 1911) | ⇒ Odiellus aspersus Karsch, 1881 | | Nelima morova C.J.Goodnigh..., 1944 | | | Nelima nigricoxa Sato & Suzuki, 1939 | | | Nelima saghalina Roewer, 1957 | | | Nelima satoi Suzuki, 1944 | | | Nelima tenuis (Roewer, 1957) | ⇒ Nelima genufusca Karsch, 1881 | | Nemastoma (Nemastoma) leiobunum Wankel, 1851 | | | Nipponogarypus enoshimaensis Morikawa, 1955 | Florida hobblebush | | Nipponogarypus enoshimaensis enoshimaensis Morikawa, 1955 | | | Nipponogarypus enoshimaensis okinoerabensis Morikawa, 1960 | | | Nippononychus japonica Miyosi, 1957 | | | Nippononychus japonicus Miyoshi, 1957 | | | Nipponopsalis abei Sato & Suzuki, 1939 | | | Nipponopsalis abei abei Sato & Suzuki, 1939 | | | Nipponopsalis abei longipes Suzuki, 1973 | | | Nobeoka laevis Roewer, 1938 | | | Odiellus aspersus Karsch, 1881 | | | Opilio decoratus L.Koch, 1878 | | | Opilio nipponensis Roewer, 1956 | | | Opilio spinulatus Roewer, 1911 | | | Oratemnus samoanus Beier, 1932 | Kyle Canyon mountainsnail | | Oratemnus samoanus whartoni Chamberlin, 1947 | | | Paraliochthonius takashimai Morikawa, 1958 | | | Paranonychus brunneus ♰ Banks, 1893 | | | Pararoncus chamberlini Morikawa, 1957 | | | Pararoncus histrionicus Chamberlin, 1938 | Bigtree shoulderband | | Pararoncus japonicus Ellingsen, 1907 | | | Pararoncus oinuanensis Morikawa, 1957 | | | Pararoncus rakanensis Morikawa, 1957 | | | Pararoncus uenoi Morikawa, 1957 | | | Pararoncus yosii Morikawa, 1960 | | | Paratemnoides japonicus Morikawa, 1953 | | | Paratemnoides philippinus Beier, 1932 | | | Paraumbogrella pumilio Karsch, 1881 | | | Parobisium anagamidense Morikawa, 1957 | | | Parobisium anagamidense anagamidense Morikawa, 1957 | | | Parobisium anagamidense esakii Morikawa, 1960 | | | Parobisium anagamidense morikawai Harvey, 1991 | | | Parobisium anagamidensis Morikawa, 1957 | | | Parobisium anagamidensis anagamidensis Morikawa, 1957 | | | Parobisium anagamidensis esakii Morikawa, 1960 | | | Parobisium anagamidensis morikawai Harvey, 1991 | | | Parobisium flexifemoratum Chamberlin, 1930 | | | Parobisium imperfectum Chamberlin, 1930 | | | Parobisium magnum Chamberlin, 1930 | | | Parobisium magnum magnum Chamberlin, 1930 | | | Parobisium magnum ohuyeanum Morikawa, 1952 | | | Proscotolemon sauteri Roewer, 1916 | Escalante milkvetch | | Proscotolemon sauteri lateens Suzuki, 1973 | | | Proscotolemon sauteri sauteri Roewer, 1916 | | | Psathyropus distincta Sato & Suzuki, 1938 | | | Psathyropus tenuipes L. Koch, 1878 | | | Psathyropus tenuis Roewer, 1954 | | | Psathyropus versicolor Suzuki, 1964 | | | Pseudoarthromerus spurius Karsch, 1891 | | | Pseudobiantes japonicus (Hirst, 1911) | ⇒ Pseudobiantes silvestrii Mello-Leitao, 1944 | | Pseudobiantes silvestrii Mello-Leitao, 1944 | | | Pseudogagrella amamiana Nakatsudi, 1942 | | | Pseudotyrannochthonius kobayashii Morikawa, 1956 | | | Pseudotyrannochthonius kobayashii akiyoshiensis Morikawa, 1956 | | | Pseudotyrannochthonius kobayashii dorogawaensis Morikawa, 1956 | | | Pseudotyrannochthonius kobayashii kobayashii Morikawa, 1956 | | | Pseudotyrannochthonius kubotai Morikawa, 1954 | | | Pseudotyrannochthonius undecimclavatus Morikawa, 1956 | | | Pseudotyrannochthonius undecimclavatus kishidai Morikawa, 1960 | | | Pseudotyrannochthonius undecimclavatus undecimclavatus Morikawa, 1956 | | | Pygobunus okadai N. Tsurusaki, 1983 | | | Sabacon akiyoshiense Suzuki, 1963 | | | Sabacon dentipalpe Suzuki, 1949 | | | Sabacon imamurai Suzuki, 1964 | | | Sabacon makinoi Suzuki, 1949 | | | Sabacon pygmaeum Miyosi, 1942 | | | Solinus japanicus Morikawa, 1953 | | | Solinus japonicus Morikawa, 1953 | | | Suzukielus sauteri Roewer, 1916 | | | Synsphyronus mimetus Chamberlin, 1943 | Costate mountainsnail | | Systenocentrus japonicus Hirst, 1911 | | | Takaoia sauteri Roewer, 1911 | | | Tokunosia tenuipes Suzuki, 1964 | | | Tyrannochthonius chihayanus Sakayori, 2009 | | | Tyrannochthonius japonicus Ellingsen, 1907 | | | Tyrannochthonius japonicus dogoensis Morikawa, 1954 | | | Tyrannochthonius japonicus japonicus Ellingsen, 1907 | | | Tyrannochthonius similidentatus Sato, 1984 | | | Urophonius brachycentrus brachycentrus Thorell, 1876 | | | Withius japonicus Morikawa, 1954 | |
Subnodes of Dromopoda with occurrences in Japan
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