Taxonomy of Genus Junonia Hübner, 1819
Buckeyes, Buckeyes & Pansies, Commodores, Pansies, Precis
Class
| Insecta
Linnaeus, 1758
Insects, True insects | 4179
190570
2444470 | Families
Genera
Species |
Subclass
| Pterygota
Lang, 1888
Winged insects | 3816
189502
2439455 | Families
Genera
Species |
Infraclass
| Neoptera
van der Wulp, 1890
Modern Wing-folding insects | 3399
186457
2415487 | Families
Genera
Species |
Superorder
| Holometabola
Heider, 1889
Holometabolous Insects | 1891
142849
2048615 | Families
Genera
Species |
Order
| Lepidoptera
Linnaeus, 1758
Butterflies, Lepidopterans, Moths | 322
33641
568299 | Families
Genera
Species |
Suborder
| Glossata
Fabricius, 1775
Modern butterflies and moths | 208
32654
567261 | Families
Genera
Species |
Infraorder
| Heteroneura
Tillyard, 1918
| 197
32461
565431 | Families
Genera
Species | | Division | Ditrysia
Borner, 1925
Butterflies, Moths, Skippers | 186
32290
560864 | Families
Genera
Species |
Section
| Cossina
Herrich-Schäffer, 1856
| 74
20388
404639 | Families
Genera
Species |
Subsection
| Bombyces
Scopoli, 1763
| 66
18154
371101 | Families
Genera
Species |
Superfamily
| Papilionoidea
Latreille, 1802
Butterflies, Skippers, True butterflies | 13
3266
144998 | Families
Genera
Species | | Family | Nymphalidae
Rafinesque, 1815
Admirals, Anglewings, Browns, Brush Footed Butterflies | 1533
72196 | Genera
Species | | Subfamily | Nymphalinae
Swainson, 1827
Admirals, And peacocks, Anglewings, Brushfoots, Crescents | 119
9545 | Genera
Species | | Tribe | Junoniini
Reuter, 1896
| 12
1655 | Genera
Species | | Genus | Junonia
Hübner, 1819
Buckeyes, Buckeyes & Pansies, Commodores, Pansies, Precis | 579 | Species |
Subnodes of Junonia Hübner, 1819 | Subgenus | Junonia (Precis)
Hübner, 1819
Commodores, Pansies | 37 | Species | | Species | Junonia acera Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia actia Distant, 1880
| | | | Species | Junonia adamauana Schultze, 1920
| | | | Species | Junonia adelaida Staudinger, 1889
| | | | Species | Junonia admiralitatis Rothschild, 1915
| | | | Species | Junonia adulatrix Fruhstorfer, 1903
| | | | Species | Junonia aenaria Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia aeolus Stoneham, 1965
| | | | Species | Junonia africana Richelmann, 1913
| | | | Species | Junonia agnesberenyiae Sáfián, 2018
| | | | Species | Junonia alberici Dufrane, 1945
| | | | Species | Junonia albicincta Butler, 1875 ⇒ Junonia orithya
| | | | Species | Junonia albida Suffert, 1904
| | | | Species | Junonia albocincta Linnaeus, 1758
| | | | Species | Junonia alleni Kirby, 1900 ⇒ Junonia orithya
| | | | Species | Junonia almanac
Peacock Pansy | | | | Species | Junonia amestris Drury, 1782
| 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia andremiaja Boisduval, 1833
| | | | Species | Junonia angolensis Rothschild, 1918
| | | | Species | Junonia angulata Aurivillius, 1913
| | | | Species | Junonia ansorgei Rothschild, 1899
Ansorge´s Leaf Butterfly, Ansorge’S Leaf Pansy | | | | Species | Junonia antigone Felder, 1867
| | | | Species | Junonia antilope Feisthamel, 1850 ⇒ Precis antilope
| 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia aonis Linnaeus, 1767
| | | | Species | Junonia apollonia Fruhstorfer, 1906
| | | | Species | Junonia archesia Cramer, 1779 ⇒ Precis archesia
| 10 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia arenosa Forbes, 1928
| | | | Species | Junonia arida Aurivillius, 1913
| | | | Species | Junonia arithya
| | | | Species | Junonia artaxia Hewitson, 1864
African Pansy, Commodore | 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia asteriae Linnaeus, 1758
| | | | Species | Junonia asterie Linnaeus, 1758
| | | | Species | Junonia astrolabiensis
| | | | Species | Junonia atlites Linnaeus, 1763
Gray Pansy, Grey Pansy | 4 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia aurorina Butler, 1893
| | | | Species | Junonia basifusca Weymer, 1890
| | | | Species | Junonia battana Fruhstorfer, 1906
| | | | Species | Junonia baweana Fruhstorfer, 1906
| | | | Species | Junonia bergi Avinoff, 1926 ⇒ Junonia coenia
| | | | Species | Junonia bipupillata Strand, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia bismarckiana Hagen, 1897
| | | | Species | Junonia boopis Trimen, 1879
| | | | Species | Junonia caeruleffugiens Heslop, 1962
| | | | Species | Junonia caffraria Staudinger, 1885
| | | | Species | Junonia calescens Butler, 1893
| | | | Species | Junonia calybe Godart, 1819 ⇒ Junonia villida
| | | | Species | Junonia cebara Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia cebrene Fabricius, 1798 ⇒ Junonia (Precis) hierta
Yellow Pansy | 4 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia celebensis Staudinger, 1888
| | | | Species | Junonia ceryne Boisduval, 1847 ⇒ Precis ceryne
| | | | Species | Junonia chagoensis Watkins, 1925
| | | | Species | Junonia cheesmani Riley, 1925
| | | | Species | Junonia chorimene Guérin-Méneville, 1844
Golden Pansy | 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia cibota Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia clelia Cramer, 1775 ⇒ Junonia oenone
| | | | Species | Junonia coelestina Dewitz, 1879 ⇒ Precis coelestina
| 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia coena W.D. Field, 1936
| 1 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia coenia Hübner, 1822
Buckeye, Common Buckeye, Common buckeye butterfly | 5 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia conjuncta Stoneham, 1965
| | | | Species | Junonia constricta Cramer, 1780 ⇒ Junonia genoveva
Mangrove Buckeye | 8 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia cortes Herbst, 1796
| | | | Species | Junonia cuama Hewitson, 1864
| 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia cymodoce Cramer, 1777
Blue Leaf Butterfly, Blue Leaf Pansy, Western Leaf | 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia cytora Doubleday, 1847 ⇒ Protogoniomorpha cytora
Western Blue Beauty | | | | Species | Junonia demaculata Neustetter, 1916
| | | | Species | Junonia divaricata Felder, 1867 ⇒ Junonia evarete
| 1 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia elgiva Druce, 1773 ⇒ Junonia terea
Soldier Commodore, Soldier Pansy | 1 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia epiclecia Boisduval, 1833
| | | | Species | Junonia erigone Cramer, 1779
Northern Argus | 13 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia esra Fabricius, 1798 ⇒ Junonia lavinia
| | | | Species | Junonia ethyra Feisthamel, 1850
| | | | Species | Junonia eurodoce Westwood, 1850 ⇒ Precis eurodoce
| 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia eutychia Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia evarete Cramer, 1779
Black Mangrove Buckeye, Caribbean Buckeye, Donkey´s eye | 20 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia everate Cramer, 1779
| | | | Species | Junonia expansa Butler, 1883
| | | | Species | Junonia ferenigra Schultze, 1920
| | | | Species | Junonia flava Wichgraf, 1918
| | | | Species | Junonia flirtea Fabricius, 1793 ⇒ Junonia lavinia
| | | | Species | Junonia fluentis Murayama, 1961
| | | | Species | Junonia fumata Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
| | | | Species | Junonia funebris Bryk, 1953
| | | | Species | Junonia fuscata Holland, 1920
| | | | Species | Junonia fuscescens Butler, 1901
| | | | Species | Junonia gardineri Fruhstorfer, 1902
| | | | Species | Junonia genoveva Cramer, 1780
Black-Mangrove Buckeye, Buckeye, Caribbean Buckeye | 13 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia gomensis Dufrane, 1945
| | | | Species | Junonia goudoti Boisduval, 1833 ⇒ Junonia goudotii
| | | | Species | Junonia goudotii Boisduval, 1833
| | | | Species | Junonia gregorii Butler, 1896
Gregori´s Brown Pansy | | | | Species | Junonia grisea
| | | | Species | Junonia gynaiensis Murayama, 1961
| | | | Species | Junonia hadrope Doubleday, 1847
Volta Pansy | | | | Species | Junonia hainanensis Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia hampsteadiensis Stephens, 1827 ⇒ Junonia villida
| | | | Species | Junonia harpyia Fabricius, 1781
| | | | Species | Junonia hecate Felder, 1860 ⇒ Junonia natalica
Brown Pansy, Natal Pansy | 1 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia hedonia Linnaeus, 1764
Brown Argus, Brown Pansy, Brown soldier, Chocolate argus | 17 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia hellanis Felder, 1867
| | | | Species | Junonia here Lang, 1884
| | | | Species | Junonia hilaris Cramer, 1780 ⇒ Junonia genoveva
Mangrove Buckeye | 8 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia himera Fruhstorfer, 1915
| | | | Species | Junonia hopfferi Möschler, 1872
| | | | Species | Junonia horsfieldii Moore, 1899
| | | | Species | Junonia huacapistana Forbes, 1928
| | | | Species | Junonia huebneri Kirby, 1900
| | | | Species | Junonia ida Cramer, 1776
| | | | Species | Junonia idamene Godart, 1819
| | | | Species | Junonia inauditus Murayama, 1961
| | | | Species | Junonia incarnata Cramer, 1780 ⇒ Junonia genoveva
Mangrove Buckeye | 8 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia incommoda
| | | | Species | Junonia infracta Fabricius, 1793 ⇒ Junonia sophia
Little Pansy | 1 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia infuscata Cramer, 1780 ⇒ Junonia genoveva
Mangrove Buckeye | 8 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia intermedia C. & R. Felder, 1867
| 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia iona Smith, 1894
| | | | Species | Junonia ionia Eversmann, 1851
| | | | Species | Junonia isocratia Hübner, 1816
| | | | Species | Junonia iwasakii Matsumura, 1915
| | | | Species | Junonia ixia Doubleday, 1847 ⇒ Junonia hadrope
Volta Pansy | | | | Species | Junonia jacouleti Watari, 1941
| | | | Species | Junonia januarii Ungemach, 1932
| | | | Species | Junonia javana Felder, 1862
| | | | Species | Junonia jordani Aurivillius, 1913
| | | | Species | Junonia kangeana Kalis, 1933
| | | | Species | Junonia kühni
| | | | Species | Junonia ketoepatana Kalis, 1933
| | | | Species | Junonia kontinentalis Martin, 1920
| | | | Species | Junonia kowara Ward, 1871 ⇒ Precis milonia
| | | | Species | Junonia kuehni Fruhstorfer, 1904
| | | | Species | Junonia laodamia
| | | | Species | Junonia laodice Cramer, 1779
| | | | Species | Junonia laomedia Linnaeus, 1767 ⇒ Junonia atlites
| | | | Species | Junonia lavinia Cramer, 1775
| 9 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia leechi Alphéraky, 1897 ⇒ Junonia orithya
| | | | Species | Junonia leucasia Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia leucophora Fruhstorfer, 1902
| | | | Species | Junonia leucotincta Strand, 1911
| | | | Species | Junonia lima Forbes, 1928
| | | | Species | Junonia limnoria Klug, 1845 ⇒ Precis limnoria
| 4 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia lintingensis Osbeck, 1765
| | | | Species | Junonia liquefactus Murayama, 1961
| | | | Species | Junonia litoralis Brévignon, 2009
| | | | Species | Junonia livia Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia longfieldae Riley, 1929
| | | | Species | Junonia lugens Ungemach, 1932
| | | | Species | Junonia madagascariensis Guenée, 1872
| | | | Species | Junonia magna Evans, 1926
| | | | Species | Junonia marcella Hulstaert, 1923
| | | | Species | Junonia melanina Hall, 1919
| | | | Species | Junonia metion Fruhstorfer, 1905
| | | | Species | Junonia mevaria Fruhstorfer, 1904
| | | | Species | Junonia michaelesi Munroe, 1951
| | | | Species | Junonia michaelisi Fruhstorfer, 0
| | | | Species | Junonia micromera Butler, 1876
| | | | Species | Junonia milonia Felder, 1867 ⇒ Precis milonia
| | | | Species | Junonia minagara Fruhstorfer, 1904
| | | | Species | Junonia minuscula Fruhstorfer, 1906
| | | | Species | Junonia musa
| | | | Species | Junonia nachtigali Dewitz, 1879
| | | | Species | Junonia natalensis Rothschild, 1918
| | | | Species | Junonia natalica Felder, 1860
Brown Pansy, Natal Pansy | 4 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia neglecta Swinhoe, 1899
| | | | Species | Junonia negra Felder, 1867 ⇒ Junonia evarete occidentalis
| | | | Species | Junonia neildi Brévignon, 2004
Mangrove buckeye | | | | Species | Junonia neopommerana RIBBE, 1898
| | | | Species | Junonia nicobariensis Felder, 1862
| | | | Species | Junonia nigeria Stoneham, 1934
| | | | Species | Junonia nigralis Forbes, 1928
| | | | Species | Junonia nigrasuffusa
| | | | Species | Junonia nigricans Stoneham, 1934
| | | | Species | Junonia nigrosuffusa Barnes & McDunnough, 1916 ⇒ Junonia evarete
Dark buckeye | | | | Species | Junonia nirei Esaki & Nakahara, 1930
| | | | Species | Junonia nobiliata Thurau, 1903
| | | | Species | Junonia noveae Hagen, 1897
| 1 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia noveae-guineae Hagen, 1897
| | | | Species | Junonia nucleata Stoneham, 1965
| | | | Species | Junonia numana Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia obscurata Kivirikko, 1936
| | | | Species | Junonia occidentalis Felder, 1862
| | | | Species | Junonia octavia Cramer, 1777 ⇒ Precis octavia
| | | | Species | Junonia ocyale Hübner, 1816 ⇒ Junonia orithya
| | | | Species | Junonia oenone Carolus Linnaeus/Linnaues, 1764
Blue Pansy, Dark Blue Pansy | 3 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia omissa Rothschild, 1918
| | | | Species | Junonia orbitola Swinhoe, 1893 ⇒ Junonia orithya
| | | | Species | Junonia oriana W.F. Kirby, 1900 ⇒ Junonia genoveva hilaris
| | | | Species | Junonia orianassa Kirby, 1900 ⇒ Junonia lavinia
| | | | Species | Junonia orithya Linnaeus, 1764
Blue Argus, Blue Pansy, Eyed Pansy | 35 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia orithyra Linnaeus, 1758
| | | | Species | Junonia orthosia Klug, 1845
| | | | Species | Junonia orthosialis Godart, 1823
| | | | Species | Junonia orthyia
| 1 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia osborni Holland, 1920
| | | | Species | Junonia pacoma Grishin, 2020
Pacific Mangrove Buckeye | | | | Species | Junonia palea Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia pallens Felder, 1867 ⇒ Junonia evarete zonalis
| | | | Species | Junonia pallida Stoneham, 1965
| | | | Species | Junonia papoeana Kalis, 1933
| | | | Species | Junonia paris Fabricius, 1798 ⇒ Junonia (Precis) hierta
Yellow Pansy | 4 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia parvipuncta Howarth, 1962
| | | | Species | Junonia patenas Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia pavonina Butler, 1895
| | | | Species | Junonia pelarga Fabricius, 1775 ⇒ Precis pelarga
| | | | Species | Junonia permagna Martin, 1920
| | | | Species | Junonia persicaria Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia persiccata Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia phycites Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia phylace Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia pluto Heer, 1849
| | | | Species | Junonia pluviatilis Fruhstorfer, 1900
| | | | Species | Junonia posterior Strand, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia procax Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia pseudiphita Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia punctella Strand, 1921
| | | | Species | Junonia pyriformis Butler, 1895
| | | | Species | Junonia quinatzin J.C. Arias, 1968 ⇒ Junonia coenia
| | | | Species | Junonia rauana Grose-Smith, 1898 ⇒ Precis rauana
Montane Commodore | 4 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia rhadama Boisduval, 1833
Brilliant Blue, Royal Blue Pansy | 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia rosa Whittaker & Stallings, 1944 ⇒ Junonia coenia
| | | | Species | Junonia royeri Vollenhoven, 1861
| | | | Species | Junonia rubrosuffusa Field, 1936 ⇒ Junonia coenia
| | | | Species | Junonia saleyra Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia samoënsis
| | | | Species | Junonia samoensis Rebel, 1911
| | | | Species | Junonia sanghirensis
| | | | Species | Junonia schmidti Knoch, 1927
| | | | Species | Junonia schmiedeli Fiedler, 1920
| | | | Species | Junonia schraderi Gunder, 1925 ⇒ Junonia coenia
| | | | Species | Junonia seitzi Corbet, 1937
| | | | Species | Junonia siccata Fruhstorfer, 1900
| | | | Species | Junonia silvicola Schultze, 1920
| | | | Species | Junonia sinuata Plötz, 1880 ⇒ Precis sinuata
| 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia soerabajana Kalis, 1933
| | | | Species | Junonia sophia Fabricius, 1793
Little Commodore, Little Pansy | 3 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia spec Linnaeus, 1763
| | | | Species | Junonia splendens Schmidt, 1921
| | | | Species | Junonia stemosa Grishin, 2020
| | | | Species | Junonia stygia Aurivillius, 1894
Aurivillius´ Brown Pansy, Brown Pansy, Dark Pansy | 3 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia subbipupillata Strand, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia subepiclelia Strand, 1911
| | | | Species | Junonia subtriocellata Strand, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia subvirilis Strand, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia sudanica Schultze, 1920
| | | | Species | Junonia suffusa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
| | | | Species | Junonia sumatrana Fruhstorfer, 1906
| | | | Species | Junonia sumbae Doherty, 1891
| | | | Species | Junonia swinhoei Butler, 1885 ⇒ Junonia orithya
| | | | Species | Junonia taitica Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia tegea Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia temora Felder & Felder, 1867 ⇒ Protogoniomorpha temora
Blue Mother-of-Pearl, Eastern Blue Beauty | 1 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia terea Drury, 1773
Soldier Commodore, Soldier Pansy | 5 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia tereoides Butler, 1901
| | | | Species | Junonia teurnia Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia thero Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia timorensis Wall, 1869
| 4 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia tosca Fruhstorfer, 1900
| | | | Species | Junonia touhilimasa Vuillot, 1892
Naval Pansy | 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia tragia Hübner, 1816
| | | | Species | Junonia trimenii Butler, 1893
| | | | Species | Junonia triocellata Strand, 1911
| | | | Species | Junonia tristis Miskin, 1891
| | | | Species | Junonia tugela Trimen, 1879 ⇒ Precis tugela
African Leaf Butterfly, Eared Commodore | 4 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia vaisya Fruhstorfer, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia valesca Fruhstorfer, 1898
| | | | Species | Junonia vellida Fabricius, 1787
| | | | Species | Junonia vestina C. & R. Felder, 1867
Andean Buckeye | 2 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia villida Fabricius, 1787
Albin's Hampstead Eye, Albins Hampstead Eye, Meadow Argus | 14 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia viridata Strand, 1911
| | | | Species | Junonia viridis Staudinger, 1889
| | | | Species | Junonia virilis Strand, 1912
| | | | Species | Junonia vivida Forbes, 1928
| | | | Species | Junonia vosseleriana Strand, 1911
| | | | Species | Junonia wahlbergi
| | | | Species | Junonia walkeri Butler, 1901 ⇒ Junonia erigone
| | | | Species | Junonia wallacei Distant, 1883 ⇒ Junonia orithya
| | | | Species | Junonia weidechameri E.R. Polacek, 1925 ⇒ Junonia coenia
| | | | Species | Junonia weidenhameri Polaeck, 1925 ⇒ Junonia coenia
| | | | Species | Junonia weidenhammeri Polacek, 1926 ⇒ Junonia evarete
| | | | Species | Junonia westermanni Westwood, 1870
Blue Spot Pansy | 6 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia westwermanni
| | | | Species | Junonia wetterensis Strand, 1916
| | | | Species | Junonia wilhelmi Gunder, 1927 ⇒ Junonia coenia
| | | | Species | Junonia xerophylla Roepke, 1938
| | | | Species | Junonia zelima Fabricius, 1775 ⇒ Junonia hedonia
| | | | Species | Junonia zipha Druce, 1773 ⇒ Junonia terea
Soldier Commodore, Soldier Pansy | 1 | Subspecies | | Species | Junonia zonalis Felder, 1867 ⇒ Junonia genoveva
Caribbean buckeye | 2 | Subspecies |
Synonyms Native, vernacular names and spellings of Junonia | English | Buckeyes, Buckeyes & Pansies, Commodores, Pansies, Precis | | Finnish | Kapteenit |
Distribution of Junonia Hübner, 1819 # | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | Y | Z |
Afghanistan
| Algeria
| Angola
| Antigua and Barbuda
| Argentina
| Armenia
| Australia
| Bahamas
| Bahrain
| Bangladesh
| Barbados
| Belgium
| Belize
| Benin
| Bhutan
| Bolivia
6 Species | Botswana
| Brazil
8 Species | Brunei
| Burkina Faso
| Burundi
| Cambodia
| Cameroon
| Canada
| Cape Verde
| Central African Republic
| Chile
| China
13 Species | Colombia
7 Species | Comoros
| Cook Islands
| Costa Rica
| Cuba
| Democratic Republic of the Congo
18 Species | Denmark
| Dominica
| Dominican Republic
| East Timor
| Ecuador
5 Species | Egypt
| El Salvador
| Equatorial Guinea
| Eritrea
| Estonia
| Ethiopia
| Fiji
| Finland
| France
| Gabon
| Gambia
| Georgia
| Germany
| Ghana
| Greece
| Grenada
| Guatemala
| Guinea
| Guinea-Bissau
| Guyana
| Haiti
| Honduras
| Iceland
| India
16 Species | Indonesia
17 Species | Iran
| Iraq
| Ireland
| Israel
| Italy
| Ivory Coast
| Jamaica
| Japan
| Kenya
| Kiribati
| Laos
| Lesotho
| Liberia
| Luxembourg
| Madagascar
| Malawi
| Malaysia
| Maldives
| Mali
| Marshall Islands
| Mauritius
| Mexico
| Micronesia
| Mozambique
| Myanmar
| Namibia
| Nepal
| Netherlands
| New Zealand
| Nicaragua
| Niger
| Nigeria
| Norway
| Oman
| Pakistan
| Palau
| Panama
| Papua New Guinea
| Paraguay
| Peru
7 Species | Philippines
| Portugal
| Qatar
| Republic of the Congo
| Republic South Africa
| Russia
| Rwanda
| Saint Kitts and Nevis
| Saint Lucia
| Samoa
| São Tomé and Príncipe
| Saudi Arabia
| Senegal
| Seychelles
| Sierra Leone
| Singapore
| Solomon Islands
| Somalia
| Somaliland
| South Korea
| South Sudan
| Spain
| Sri Lanka
| Sudan
| Suriname
| Sweden
| Switzerland
| Syria
| Taiwan
| Tajikistan
| Tanzania
| Thailand
| Togo
| Tonga
| Trinidad and Tobago
| Turkey
| Tuvalu
| Uganda
| United Arab Emirates
| United Kingdom
| Uruguay
| USA
21 Species | Vanuatu
| Venezuela
| Vietnam
| Yemen
| Zambia
| Zimbabwe
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Distribution on islands Capricorn Group, Kai Islands, Snares Islands
Links, sources and further information
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